Thoracic Surgery

Thoracic surgery is used to diagnose and treat pulmonary nodules and lung cancer, esophageal diseases, mediastinal tumors, pneumothorax, chest wall diseases, and chest trauma. Diagnosis and treatment rely on chest CT scans, bronchoscopy, esophagoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, and pathological staging. For early-stage lung cancer and resectable esophageal cancer, minimally invasive surgery combined with comprehensive treatment can improve prognosis. Postoperatively, attention should be paid to atelectasis, pneumonia, arrhythmias, chylothorax, and anastomotic leakage. For elderly patients, those with poor lung function, or those with cardiovascular disease, perioperative risk assessment and optimized pulmonary rehabilitation should be performed.