Hepatobiliary

Disease Introduction Liver disease is a broad category of diseases affecting the liver, commonly including viral hepatitis A, B, and C; fatty liver disease caused by long-term alcohol consumption or obesity (now called metabolic-associated fatty liver disease); and drug-induced liver injury caused by medications or health supplements. Early stages are often asymptomatic, but as the disease progresses, symptoms such as fatigue, poor appetite, and jaundice may appear. In the long term, it can develop into l

Disease Introduction Liver cysts are benign vesicular lesions within the liver, mostly congenital simple cysts that grow slowly. The vast majority are asymptomatic and are often discovered incidentally during routine ultrasound examinations. When the cyst is large or compresses surrounding tissues, it may cause right upper quadrant fullness, dull pain, or an abdominal mass. Small, asymptomatic cysts do not require treatment; regular ultrasound follow-up is sufficient. Minimally invasive interventional or

Disease Introduction Liver abscess is a purulent infectious lesion occurring within the liver. It is mainly divided into two types: bacterial (infected via the bile duct or portal vein, commonly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and amoebic. Diabetic patients are more prone to developing this condition. Typical symptoms include high fever and chills, right upper quadrant abdominal pain, and tenderness upon percussion of the liver area. The core of treatment is adequate dosage and duration of ant

Disease Introduction Liver cirrhosis is the end-stage condition resulting from long-term damage caused by chronic liver diseases such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcoholism, and fatty liver, leading to widespread fibrosis, hardening, and deformation of the liver. Early stages may be asymptomatic, but as it progresses, symptoms such as fatigue, abdominal distension, and jaundice appear. Late-stage complications include ascites, esophageal variceal bleeding, and hepatic encephalopathy. The core of treatmen

Disease Introduction Gallstones are hard particles formed by the abnormal precipitation of cholesterol or bile pigments from bile, commonly occurring in the gallbladder or bile ducts. Most people are asymptomatic, but typical symptoms include colicky pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, which worsens after eating fatty foods. In severe cases, it can lead to cholecystitis, cholangitis, jaundice, and even pancreatitis. Treatment depends on the location of the stones, symptoms, and complications;

Disease Introduction Liver cancer (primarily hepatocellular carcinoma) is a tumor formed by the malignant proliferation of liver cells, and it is closely related to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cirrhosis, alcoholism, and fatty liver. Early stages are often asymptomatic, while middle and late stages present with pain in the liver area, abdominal distension, weight loss, and jaundice. Treatment options vary depending on the stage, including surgical resection, ablation, interventional therapy, targeted immunot

Disease Introduction Biliary duct cancer is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelium of the intrahepatic, hilar, or distal bile ducts. Early stages are often asymptomatic; symptoms such as jaundice, itchy skin, dark urine, and weight loss often indicate an advanced stage. Treatment primarily involves radical surgery. For unresectable or advanced-stage cases, a combination of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and jaundice-reducing drainage is used. Cutting-edge high-precision diagnost

Disease Introduction Gallbladder cancer is a malignant tumor originating from the gallbladder mucosal epithelium. It is closely related to long-term gallstones, chronic cholecystitis, and porcelain gallbladder. Early stages are often insidious, and diagnosis is frequently delayed. Surgery is the only potentially curative treatment, while mid-to-late-stage cancer is mainly treated with chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Cutting-edge high-precision diagnostic and treatment techno

Disease Introduction Hepatic hemangioma is the most common benign tumor of the liver. It is essentially a vascular malformation rather than a true tumor. Most are asymptomatic and grow slowly. Small to medium-sized, asymptomatic cases are mainly monitored by regular ultrasound. Surgery, interventional embolization, or ablation therapy are only considered when symptoms are obvious, the tumor grows rapidly, the size is large, or the diagnosis is uncertain. Cutting-edge high-precision diagnostic and treatmen