Nephrology

The nephrology department diagnoses and treats acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and electrolyte and acid-base disorders. Diagnosis and treatment rely on urinalysis, renal function tests, renal imaging, immunological examinations, and renal biopsy for typing. Treatment includes etiological treatment, blood pressure and blood glucose management, proteinuria control, management of anemia and bone mineral metabolism disorders, and dialysis and pre-transplant assessment. For rapidly progressive nephritis, refractory nephrotic syndrome, unexplained acute kidney injury, and hereditary kidney disease, pathological and typing determination should be made as early as possible. If hyperkalemia, volume overload, uremia complications, or drug poisoning occurs, indications for renal replacement therapy should be evaluated. Long-term management emphasizes slowing progression, reducing cardiovascular risk, and vaccination.