General Surgery

General surgery treats common and frequently occurring diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, hepatobiliary system, pancreas, thyroid gland, breast, hernias, abdominal wall disorders, peripheral vascular diseases, and acute abdomens. Treatment emphasizes medical history and physical examination, laboratory and imaging evaluation, selection of minimally invasive or open surgery, and perioperative management. For acute abdomens such as appendicitis, cholecystitis, intestinal obstruction, gastrointestinal perforation, and incarcerated hernias, rapid identification and determination of surgical timing are crucial. For benign tumors and early-stage malignant tumors, standardized resection and pathological evaluation are the foundation of treatment. If there are concomitant severe cardiopulmonary diseases, malnutrition, or coagulation abnormalities, optimization of the surgical approach or selection of alternative strategies should be considered. Postoperatively, attention should be paid to bleeding, infection, thrombosis, and functional recovery.